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Wildfires are a worldwide disturbance with unclear implications for stream water quality. We examined stream water chemistry responses immediately (<1 month) following a wildfire by measuring over 40 constituents in four gauged coastal watersheds that burned at low to moderate severity. Three of the four watersheds also had pre‐fire concentration‐discharge data for 14 constituents: suspended sediment (SS_fine), dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC), specific UV absorbance (SUVA), major ions (Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, F⁻), and select trace elements (total dissolved Mn, Fe). In all watersheds, post‐fire stream water concentrations of SS_fine, DOC, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, and changed when compared to pre‐fire data. Post‐fire changes in , K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, DIC, SUVA, and total dissolved Fe were also found for at least two of the three streams. For constituents with detectable responses to wildfire, post‐fire changes in the slopes of concentration‐discharge relationships commonly resulted in stronger enrichment trends or weaker dilution trends, suggesting that new contributing sources were surficial or near the surface. However, a few geogenic solutes, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and DIC, displayed stronger dilution trends at nearly all sites post‐fire. Moreover, fire‐induced constituent concentration changes were highly discharge and site‐dependent. These similarities and differences in across‐site stream water chemistry responses to wildfire emphasize the need for a deeper understanding of landscape‐scale changes to solute sources and pathways. Our findings also highlight the importance of being explicit about reference points for both stream discharge and pre‐fire stream water chemistry in post‐fire assessment of concentration changes. 

Book Chapter in © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 T. J. McGenity (ed.), Microbial Communities Utilizing Hydrocarbons and Lipids: Members, Metagenomics and Ecophysiology, Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14785-3_12 

Abstract During aerobic oxidation of methane (CH₄) in seawater, a process which mitigates atmospheric emissions, the¹²C‐isotopologue reacts with a slightly greater rate constant than the¹³C‐isotopologue, leaving the residual CH₄isotopically fractionated. Prior studies have attempted to exploit this systematic isotopic fractionation from methane oxidation to quantify the extent that a CH₄pool has been oxidized in seawater. However, cultivation‐based studies have suggested that isotopic fractionation fundamentally changes as a microbial population blooms in response to an influx of reactive substrates. Using a systematic mesocosm incubation study with recently collected seawater, here we investigate the fundamental isotopic kinetics of aerobic CH₄oxidation during a microbial bloom. As detailed in a companion paper, seawater samples were collected from seep fields in Hudson Canyon, U.S. Atlantic Margin, and atop Woolsey Mound (also known as Sleeping Dragon) which is part of lease block MC118 in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and used in these investigations. The results from both Hudson Canyon and MC118 show that in these natural environments isotopic fraction for CH₄oxidation follows a first‐order kinetic process. The results also show that the isotopic fractionation factor remains constant during this methanotrophic bloom once rapid CH₄oxidation begins and that the magnitude of the fractionation factor appears correlated with the first‐order reaction rate constant. These findings greatly simplify the use of natural stable isotope changes in CH₄to assess the extent that CH₄is oxidized in seawater following seafloor release. 

Abstract Microbial aerobic oxidation is known to be a significant sink of marine methane (CH₄), contributing to the relatively minor atmospheric release of this greenhouse gas over vast stretches of the ocean. However, the chemical kinetics of aerobic CH₄oxidation are not well established, making it difficult to predict and assess the extent that CH₄is oxidized in seawater following seafloor release. Here we investigate the kinetics of aerobic CH₄oxidation using mesocosm incubations of fresh seawater samples collected from seep fields in Hudson Canyon, U.S. Atlantic Margin and MC118, Gulf of Mexico to gain a fundamental chemical understanding of this CH₄sink. The goals of this investigation were to determine the response or lag time following CH₄release until more rapid oxidation begins, the reaction order, and the stoichiometry of reactants utilized (i.e., CH₄, oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, trace metals) during CH₄oxidation. The results for both Hudson Canyon and MC118 environments show that CH₄oxidation rates sharply increased within less than one month following the CH₄inoculation of seawater. However, the exact temporal characteristics of this more rapid CH₄oxidation varied based on location, possibly dependent on the local circulation and biogeochemical conditions at the point of seawater collection. The data further suggest that methane oxidation behaves as a first‐order kinetic process and that the reaction rate constant remains constant once rapid CH₄oxidation begins.